无高清人妻一区二区,嫩BBB揉BBBB揉BBBB,亚洲无码在线播放,精品二区偷拍少妇在线视频,99久久一级婬乱片A片免费

{{ date }}     {{ week }}    {{ time }}

ox-LDL

Date:2020-03-18   Views:2771

      Atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive disease which eventually leads to coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic stroke and other atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Numerous studies have demonstrated an atherogenic role of oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in the progression of ASCVD[1].
      Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) is the major modified form of native LDL because LDL particles are extremely sensitive to oxidative damage: each native LDL particle contains approximately 700 molecules of phospholipids, 600 molecules of free cholesterol, 1600 molecules of cholesterol ester, 185 molecules of triglycerides, and an apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) protein with 4536 amino acids[2].
      The oxidation of native LDL is a complex process that can be divided into three stages. During the initial stage, known as the lag phase, endogenous antioxidants such as vitamin E are consumed. During the proliferation phase, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the lipids of the LDL particles can be rapidly oxidized to fatty acid fragments, oxidized phospholipids (ox-PL), and oxygen free radicals. During the decomposition stage, fatty acid fragments are converted to aldehyde, which can interact with the lysine residue of apoB-100 to form new epitopes. Importantly, these new epitopes inhibit the ability of LDL to bind to the LDL-Rs expressed on macrophages[3].
     The most important atherogenic effect of ox-LDL is that this modification of native LDL shifts the recognition and internalization of the lipoprotein from the LDLRs to novel receptors termed as scavenger receptors (SRs).SRs are the cell surface receptors expressed on macrophages and other vascular cells that recognize and internalize ox-LDL rather than native LDL; these include SR-A, cluster differentiating 36 (CD36), SR-BI, cluster differentiating 68 (CD68), scavenger receptor for phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipoprotein (SR-PSOX), and lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), among others[5]. Among these, SR-A binding to oxidized lysine residue of apoB-100 and CD36 binding to ox-PL are responsible for most of the ox-LDL uptake by macrophages in vitro[6,7]. The most important point is that contrary to LDL-R, SRs are not down regulated by elevated levels of intracellular cholesterol [8].
     Uptake of ox-LDL by macrophages through SRs leads to remarkable cholesterol accumulation, converting macrophages to foam cells and promoting the development of atherosclerotic lesions[9].
                                                                         

Mechanisms of ox-LDL uptake by macrophages.
S.Gao, J. Liu / Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 3 (2017) 89e94

      To date, three monoclonal antibodies have been developed for determination of circulating ox-LDL by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): ox-LDL-4E6[10],ox-LDL-E06[11],and ox-LDL-DLH3 antibody[12]. ox-LDL-4E6 was the first to be established and widely used. It can directly recognize the epitope that is generated after modification of lysine residues in apoB-100 by aldehydes, while DLH3 and E06 antibody recognize oxidized phosphatidylcholine (ox-PC) generated after modification of phospholipids containing PUFAs[13]. However, ox-LDL with fewer than 60 lysine modifications cannot be detected using the ox-LDL-4E6 antibody[13].

News

NewsEvents

Contact Us

5F, Building H6, No.39 Ruihe Road, Guangzhou NaJin Science Park, Huangpu District, Guangzhou City,Guangdong province,510530 China
Tel:
020-38393880
Fax:
020-38390880
E-mail:
info@jd-biotech.com

Follow us

Wechat
粵ICP備18149706號 Copyright ?2004 - 2019 Guangzhou Jinde Biotech Co., Ltd.
国产在线精品免费观看 | 北京熟妇搡BBBB搡BBBB | 骚虎影视作成人在线观看 | 亚洲AV无码专区一级婬片毛片 | 精品久久一区二区三区 | 美女骚穴在线观看 | 高H狠艹高潮自慰冒浆久久久 | 91精品国产v无码久久久 | 国产一级A片久久久免费看快餐 | 少妇与岳A片免费观看 | 肥熟丰滿人妻无套中出 | 亚洲AV无码久久蜜桃 | 又粗又长又大又硬又黄淫的成年人视频 | 日韩亚洲中字无码区二区三 | 爽灬爽灬爽灬毛及A片小说 日韩av无码高清一区免费 | 一级特黄aa大片欧美 | 一本大道HEYZO无码中文字幕 | 麻豆av在线免费观看 | 人妻人人澡人人添人人爽国产一区 | 免费看少妇全黄A片 | 精品毛片一区二区看A片 | 色哟哟www在线观看 后人翘臀少妇在线观看 | 国产一级a毛一级a做免费高清视频 | 爽 躁多水 快 深点无码 | 丰满少妇一级毛片亚洲日韩 | 日本一区不卡在线观看 | 午夜无码精品一区二区三区蜜桃臀 | 国产精品在线免费观看 | 成人电影在线看一区二区 | 91精国产品一区二区 | 欧美肉体XXXX做受免費 | 生活AAAA生活免费无码 | 亚洲精品无码你懂的 | 国产网站在线播放 | 91亚洲精品久久久久蜜桃 | 精品人妻无码区二区三区 | 亚洲AV秘 无码聂小雨 | 欧美性潮喷XXXXX免费视频看 | 精品人妻无码一区二区三区蜜臀 | 永久成人无码激情视频免费 | 黑人巨大精品人妻一区二区 |